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發(fā)布時間:2020-09-23
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時態(tài)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時以及將來完成時之間的區(qū)別
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時:
① 構(gòu)成:have / has +過去分詞
② 語法意義及要點:
A. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去開始的狀態(tài)或動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去,常同表示一段時間的狀語連用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time等。
--He has worked as a teacher for many years.
--Up till now, nothing has gone wrong.
B. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或事件。常與不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如yet, just, before, recently等;也同表示頻度時間狀語連用,如often, ever, never, sometimes, several times等;還可同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now, today, this morning等。但不能同特定的過去時間狀語連用(last year , in 1997等)。
--I have never learned Japanese before.
--We have been quite busy lately (recently).
C. 在時間或條件狀語從句中,當表示將來完成時的意義時,要用現(xiàn)在完成時來代替將來完成時。
--We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
--I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.
Note: 行為不能持續(xù)的瞬間動詞(Instantaneous Verb), 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于這一語法意義,即該類動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
--He has joined the army for five years. (誤)
--He has been in the army for five years. (正) |
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